François Mathias René Leprieur (18 April 1799, Saint-Dié-des-Vosges – 16 July 1870, Cayenne) was a French pharmacist and naturalist.
With botanist George Samuel Perrottet, he conducted exploratory investigations of the region.
During a furlough in France in 1829, he began a botanical work based on his observations and collections in Senegambia that was completed by Perrottet, Jean Baptiste Antoine Guillemin and Achille Richard and published as Florae Senegambiae tentamen.
In the interior of the colony, he collected a large amount of natural history specimens.
[4] His younger brother was French army doctor and entomologist Charles Eugène Leprieur.