After finishing his studies at the Lyceum of Nimes and at St. Barbe College, he was admitted to the Polytechnic School in 1853, leaving in 1857 as a staff officer.
He was promoted to lieutenant in 1857, captain in 1860, major of cavalry in 1874, lieutenant-colonel in 1879, and he received his brigadier-general's star the year before his death.
After some noteworthy publications on the trigonometrical junction of France and England (1861) and on the triangulation and leveling of Corsica (1865), he was put at the head of the Geodesic Service of the French Army in 1879.
In January of the same year, he was elected a member of the Académie des Sciences, as successor to Urbain Dortet de Tessan [fr].
General Perrier's merits led to his being appointed Head of the Geographical Service of the Army.