Francis Lodwick

1696), Thomas Pigott, Robert Hooke and John Ray, the latter being former members of Wilkin's original committee.

Hooke notes in his diary for 12 November 1673 that Lodwick had lent him a revised version of his universal alphabet.

[1] Lodwick's alphabet consists of a system of representing consonants systematically; symbols indicating place of articulation (labial, dental, palatal, velar, sibilant) are modified by indication of the manner of articulation (voiced, voiceless, aspirated, nasal).

Francis' nephew Charles Lodwik (1658–1724), Mayor of New York City in 1694, signed at Defoe's marriage as a witness, and Francis may have introduced Defoe to "Roscommon's Academy", a group founded by Lord Roscommon in 1683.

[3] L. L. Zamenhof, creator of Esperanto, the most widely used constructed international auxiliary language, chose Ludwik as his non-Jewish name in honor of Francis Lodwick.