He entered the Society of Jesus on 12 November 1814, was ordained priest in 1824, and soon became professor of Sacred Scripture and Hebrew in the Roman College.
The revolution of 1848 caused Patrizi and his fellow professor Perrone to take refuge in England.
Here, and afterwards at the Catholic University of Leuven, Patrizi taught Scriptures to the Jesuit scholastics.
When peace was restored at Rome, he again began to lecture in the Roman College.
The revolution of 1870 ended his career as a teacher, and he found a home in the German-Hungarian College of Rome, remaining there till death.