Dietrichstein became the new pope's chamberlain and worked to represent the interests of his native Bohemia as canon of the cathedral chapters of Olomouc, Wroclav, Passau and Leitmeritz.
[5] It was apparently due to Dietrichstein's zeal that protestant reformer Karl von Zierotin was forced into early retirement.
At the outbreak of the Bohemian Revolt and the Thirty Years' War, in 1618, Dietrichstein fled to Vienna but returned after Emperor Ferdinand II's decisive victory at the Battle of White Mountain and was appointed Governor of Moravia from 1621 to 1628.
[6] In 1624, he was elevated as Fürst (Prince) von Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg, a herediatry title he could pass on to his nephew Maximilian and his legitimate male descendants.
In 1635, Franz Seraph was banished from court and all of his possessions were confiscated, but the dispute was resolved later that year, his properties and titles were restored and he was appointed Cardinal-protector of the Holy Roman Empire.