Frederic Gershom Melcher (April 12, 1879 – March 9, 1963) was an American publisher, bookseller, editor, and a major contributor to the library science field and book industry.

[3] He was also an avid reader from a young age, making many visits to the library, as well as enjoying books passed on or given by friends and family.

[3] At the age of 16, Melcher's grandfather helped him to secure a job at Estes and Lauriat publishing company and bookstore in Boston.

[6][8] While at Publishers Weekly, Melcher began creating space in the publication and a number of issues dedicated solely to books for children.

[6] Melcher suggested that the award be named after John Newbery, a British bookseller known for his contributions to the children's book industry.

Named for British illustrator Randolph Caldecott, the medal is presented annually for the "most distinguished picture book for children".

[12] A collection of essays about his life was published to commemorate this event and he was awarded a medal from The American Institute of Graphic Arts: In recognition of his many-sided contributions to the Graphic Arts through 50 years, his patient and judicial sponsorship of worthy causes, international as well as national; his continuing kindly encouragement of young men and women first entering the world of books; and his tireless, accomplished, and successful efforts to make known and to maintain high standards of bookmaking.

The University of Virginia Library is home to the Frederic G. Melcher–Robert Frost Collection, which covers various photos and writings from the two men from 1865 to 1963.

[17] Melcher died on March 9, 1963, at the age of 83, and his ashes were scattered at the family vacation home in Cape Cod.