In response, Japan launched a robust diplomatic offensive and demanded that the Soviet government disarm the independence army.

This, combined with the Czechoslovak Legion's rebellion and foreign military intervention, led to a chaotic situation in the Maritime Provinces.

On the night of April 4–5, 1920, the Japanese army attacked all Bolshevik organizations and Korean-populated areas, including Shinhanchon, in Vladivostok.

In addition, it was an incident against a complex background due to the political conflict between the Irkutsk and the Shanghai Factions of the Korean Communist Party within the independence army.

By the end of the autumn, the Japanese had pulled two divisions into the rebellious region, whose punitive campaign turned into genocide.

But in the face of the inevitable defeat, the Korean partisans began to retreat along the Russian border to the north and cross it in the Iman area, beyond which the territories of the Bolsheviks formed.

In this situation, the Korean Independence Corps moved east again and gathered at Iman (Dalneretsensk) in the Maritime Provinces to establish a safe zone.

Still, due to the extreme cold and hunger at the time and poor armament and supplies, it had no choice but to accept military support from the Communist Party.

From mid-January to mid-March 1921, Korean armed forces from Siberia and Gando gathered in Jayu City, and the Korean armed forces in the Gando area consisted of the general military unit of Choi Jin-dong and Heo Wook, the Nationalist Army of Choi Jin-dong and Jeong Il-mu, and Hong Beom- do.

However, the socialist armed units that gathered in Free City in late March 1921 were the Shanghai Faction of the Korean Communist Party.

Pak Il-ya refused to be incorporated into the Freedom Battalion and reported this to the Korean Ministry of the Far East Republic.

They unilaterally dispatched Park Chang-eun and Grigoryev without consulting with the Korean National Assembly or the Freedom Battalion.

[a][b][c][d][e][f] However, Park Chang-eun and his party, who arrived in Free City in mid-February 1921, failed to exercise their commanding authority and resigned as commander-in-chief.

The Korean People's Department appointed Grigoryev regiment commander and Park Il-ya, the military administration committee chairman.

In this way, the Shanghai faction and Park Il-ya commanded the Korean Independence Army units gathered in Free City.

It appointed Nestor Kalandarishvili as commander-in-chief, Oh Hamuk as deputy commander, and Kim Ha-seok and Chae Seong-ryong as members of the military administration.

However, the troops of Hong Beom-do and Cho An-mu of the Korean Independence Army followed orders and joined Free City.

The Korean Independence Army and the Sakhalin Volunteer Corps protested against the demand to fight for the Soviet Communist Party.

[3] June 28 at 1 p.m., the Koryeo Revolutionary Military Government Council negotiated with the Free City Garrison of the Far East Republic to disarm them.

They mobilized about 10,000 men of the 2nd Corps of the Far East Republic armed with armored vehicles, cannons, and machine guns.

They dispatched four companies of the 29th Regiment of the Free City Guards and the Korean Revolutionary Army's Freedom Battalion to Surazhevka, where the garrison of the Sakhalin Volunteer Corps is stationed.

[5] The two sides continued their standoff until 4 p.m. when Kalandarishvili and Oh Ha-muk began attacking the Sakhalin Volunteer Army, driving them back.

The ensuing siege turned into street battles, where hundreds of people were killed, and the wooden city burned down.

Still, the background resulted from negotiations between the Japanese military and the Russian Bolshevik Communist Party, which demanded the disbandment of the Korean Independence Army.

The Bolshevik Communist Party, which needed to take advantage of the chaos caused by the fall of the Tsarist regime to withdraw the Japanese troops occupying the Siberian Maritime Province through negotiations, could not ignore Japan's demands and was able to avoid friction with Japan by absorbing the Korean Independence Army into the Bolsheviks.

In addition, within the independence army, it is evaluated as an incident against a complex background due to the political conflict between the Irkutsk and the Shanghai Factions of the Korean Communist Party.

[1] On November 22, 1922, the Soviet Union annexed the Far Eastern Republic, claiming all the populace there as their citizens, including Koreans residing there.

[8] Between 1928 and 1932, anti-Korean and anti-Chinese violence increased in the Soviet Far East, causing 50,000 Korean emigrants to flee to Manchuria and Korea.

[11][12] On April 13, 1928, a Soviet decree was passed stipulating that Koreans should be removed away from the vulnerable Soviet-Korean border from Vladivostok to the Khabarovsk Oblast, and to settle Slavs in their place, mostly demobilized Red Army soldiers.

An official plan intended to resettle 88,000 Koreans without citizenship north of Khabarovsk, except those who "proved their complete loyalty and devotion to Soviet power.