[1] Musicians employ a standard harmony and the twelve-tone technique as a base for exploring tones, using a fretless guitar.

[3] Fretless guitars offer musicians an ability to use just intonation in any key and mode and explore new sounds through using microtonal harmonies and folk melodies in a jazz-groove context.

[4] A detailed article on extended techniques for fretless electric guitar - written by British guitarist Rich Perks - was published by Music and Practice journal in 2019.

[4] The fretless bass guitar has found popularity in many forms of western music, from pop to jazz.

[citation needed] Festivals featuring live fretless guitar music have been held for several years both in the US and in Europe.