She pursued graduate studies at the University of Chicago, over the next four years, researching in economics, law, political science, and sociology,[2] but did not obtain a degree.

[5] When women won the right to vote, Miller became a candidate for the United States House of Representatives running on the Farmer-Labor Party ticket.

[11][12] They did not return to Philadelphia, but instead moved to Greenwich Village in New York City, where Newman took up a post as the educational director at the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU).

[13] Within the circle of friends the two made through their affiliation with the Women's Trade Union League were Elisabeth Cristman, Mary Dreier, Frances Perkins, Eleanor Roosevelt, Rose Schneiderman, Maude Swartz.

[4] When Franklin D. Roosevelt won the presidency, he took Perkins with him to Washington,[16] and she used her influence to have Miller appointed as a delegate to the International Labour Organization (ILO), an agency of the League of Nations in 1936.

President Roosevelt appointed her to represent the United States in the Inter-American Regional Conferences of the ILO and she served as an advisor for women workers to the executive board.

[17] In 1938, Miller was appointed by Governor Herbert H. Lehman to fill the post as state Industrial Commissioner,[2] replacing Elmer F. Andrews.

[20] The recommendations were partially successful, as during her tenure six states approved equal pay laws, though they did not meet all the protections the Women's Bureau wanted.

By the end of the 1950s twenty states had adopted limited policies for equal pay, but the efforts were inadequate and advocates continued to push for national legislation.

[22] Miller remained in Geneva, and beginning in the early 1960s, she worked on a survey for the International Union for Child Welfare becoming the organization's delegate to the United Nations.