He studied at the Academy of Architecture, Berlin, collaborated on the great atlas of Mexico edited by Humboldt, and from 1810 was an instructor in the Plamann Institute.
Upon the outbreak of the German War of Liberation in 1813, he assisted in organizing the famous volunteer corps of Major von Lützow, whose adjutant he became.
105 Lützowers fell, 90 were captured and 300 fled, including Lützow, Friesen and the seriously wounded Körner, who dragged himself to Großzschocher, about 11 km away.
After the dispersion of the corps by Napoleon at Rheims, he was captured and slain by French auxiliary troops from Lorraine near the village of La Lobbe, Ardennes on 15 March 1814.
He has frequently been celebrated by German writers, in particular by E. M. Arndt in Es thront am Elbestrande.