Friedrich Markgraf (1 February 1897 in Berlin-Friedenau – 8 March 1987 in Zurich) was a German botanist.
After secondary school, Markgraf studied biology at the Friedrich Wilhelm University Berlin.
In 1922 he was awarded a Ph.D. for a thesis on the subject of a botanic-ecological study of the Bredower forest near Berlin.
After his habilitation he became first a professor of botany at the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin and then at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich and director of the Botanical Garden Munich-Nymphenburg (1956-1958).
In particular he made an important start on the study of the local flora of Albania.