Friedrich Adolf Paneth FRS (31 August 1887 – 17 September 1958) was an Austrian-born British chemist.
He was considered the greatest authority of his time on volatile hydrides; he also made important contributions to the study of the stratosphere.
He abandoned organic chemistry and in 1912 joined the Institute for Radium Research, Vienna radiochemistry group of Stefan Meyer.
In 1927, Paneth and Kurt Peters published his results on the transformation of hydrogen to helium, now known as cold fusion.
A call to become director at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz caused him to return to Germany.