Friedrich Salomon Krauss (7 October 1859 – 29 May 1938) was a Croatian-Austrian Jewish sexologist, ethnographer, folklorist, and Slavist.
In 1884–85, Krauss received funding from the Crown Prince Rudolf to gather folklore and ballads of the Guslar singers in Bosnia, Croatia and Herzegovina.
As a result of this field research, he published a two-volume collection of fairytales, Sagen und Märchen der Südslaven.
Perhaps his most famous work was the Anthropophytia (1904–1913), a scholarly yearbook which published folklore of erotic and sexual content.
In alliance with the growing psychoanalytic movement, Krauss and his colleagues felt that sexual folklore, which was generally purged from all published collections by scholars, could provide valuable information about a culture and society.