Fukuda Gyōkai

[1] Fukuda Gyōkai left home at the age of 6 and joined the “Koishikawa Denzūin” (小石川伝通院) in Edo.

He then returned to Denzū-in and studied the Jōdo school of Buddhism under the scholar Tokuhon (徳本; 1758–1818).

Under Echō, who had moved from Hiezan to Kan'ei-ji, Fukuda continued to study in the Tendai and Kusha directions of Buddhism.

In 1852 Fukuda became senior teacher at Denzū-in, then retired to the Shoseiritsu-in (処静律院) and lived alternately there or in the Shōjōshin-in (清浄心院).

He criticized "Shaku Norimasa byōsaiyabu" (釈教正謬再破) - "Breaking the Buddhist Ritual Again", written by co-religionist Ukai Tetsujō (鵜飼徹定; 1814–1891) and "Buppō jikken-ron" (仏法実験論) - “Theory of Buddhist Experiment”, written by Hara Tanzan (原坦山; 1819–1892).