The airport is located 19.4 km (12.1 mi) southeast of Kōriyama Station.

Fukushima Airport was conceived in the late 1970s, and planning at the prefectural level began in 1981.

The airport remained operational during and following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in March 2011, and temporarily saw increased domestic service during the closure of the Tōhoku Shinkansen high-speed rail line to Tokyo.

The disasters caused minor damage to the airport itself but led to the suspension of scheduled international service by Asiana Airlines (to Seoul) and China Eastern Airlines (to Shanghai).

[2] The last episode of the TV drama Crying Out Love, In the Center of the World was filmed at Fukushima Airport in 2004.