Full range leadership model

[1] The concepts of three distinct leadership styles — transactional, transformational, and laissez-faire — were introduced in 1991 by Bruce Avolio and Bernard Bass[2][3] As shown in the figure, the three leadership styles can be sorted according to a leader's engagement towards their team.

Laissez-faire is the least effective leadership style, when measured by the impact of the leader's opinion on the team.

Unlike transformational leaders,[4] those using the transactional approach are not looking to change the future, they aim to keep things the same.

Transactional leaders pay attention to followers' work in order to find faults and deviations.

A transactional leader follows the objective exchange of value between an employee's performance and the manager's response to it.

Sketch of the three sub-types of leadership styles occurring within the full range of leadership model. Abscissa is the engagement by the leader (from passive to active), ordinate is the effectiveness.