Fussa is approximately in the geographic center of Tokyo Metropolis, on the Musashino Terrace, bordered by the floodplains of the Tama River.

Tokyo Metropolis Fussa has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall.

The entire district was transferred to the control of Tokyo Metropolis on April 1, 1893, and the Ōme Railway joined Fussa to Tachikawa the following year.

In the post-war era, Fussa expanded rapidly through the construction of subsidized housing districts, and was elevated to city status on April 1, 1970 .

Fussa has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 19 members.

Fussa, collectively with Hamura, Akiruno, Mizuho, Hinode, Hinohara and Okutama contributes two members to the Tokyo Metropolitan Assembly.