[1] It was formed by the uplift of an underwater volcano, which last erupted in the Pleistocene, at least 11,000 years ago.

The volcano reaches a height of 666 m (2,185 ft) and gives the island an area of 11 km2 (4.2 sq mi).

[2]: 806 The top of the Pliocene part of the basaltic andesite volcano is overlain by a 4 km2 (1.5 sq mi) mid-Pleistocene cap of limestone called the Tanafu Plateau.

[2]: 805, 813  The Tanafu Plateau is the 160 m (520 ft) thick deposits of the lagoon bottom of this original reef.

He is more well known to the local Futunese, as he had made a bigger impact to the establishments of churches around the island, and had brought many to be converted and baptised.

The island has ten regions: Iraro, Itapapa, Itapasiesi, Matangi, Matowei, Nabao, Nariari, Rakaoroa, Serinao, and Tchinaroa.

During that same period, more 'kastom songs' were created based on the labourers who also visited neighbouring Fiji.

It is common in Futuna to participate in dance groups to perform in any occasion whether it be weddings, religious events or commemorate national holidays.

These groups often perform custom ceremonies and performances in traditional costumes to educate tour groups about Futunese cultural food, stories, songs and other ways of living.