Some historians trace their origins back to the Roman age and claim they descend from the emperor Caracalla, however the first historical documents mentioning the family appear in the 10th century only when Cante Gabrielli was awarded by Pope Stephen VII (according to some genealogists a family member himself), a few castles in central Italy and especially the castle at Luceoli which was renamed Cantiano (i.e. belonging to Cante) after him.
The family divided over the centuries into many branches, the most famous of which was the one that settled in Rome and obtained the title of Prince of Prossedi.
In 1749 the counts of Carpegna extinguished in the male line and the marquesses Gabrielli inherited their fief, with the principality of Carpegna-Gattara-Scavolino following in 1817.
Another branch settled in Fano was styled Gabrielli di Montevecchio and bears the titles of Duke and Count.
It settled in Comtat Venaissin at the end of the 16th century when Bartolomeo de' Gabrielli di Gubbio became Governor of Cavaillon then Carpentras.