Gaius Musonius Rufus

Gaius Musonius Rufus (/ˈruːfəs/; Ancient Greek: Μουσώνιος Ῥοῦφος) was a Roman Stoic philosopher of the 1st century AD.

[3] While Gyaros was "harsh and devoid of human culture",[4] Musonius was able to survive and form a small community of philosophers.

[7] When the party of Vitellius gained the upper hand, Musonius was able to accuse, and obtain the conviction of, Publius Egnatius Celer, the Stoic philosopher who had condemned Barea Soranus.

[12] The titles of the 21 discourses (Cora Lutz edition) are as follows: His philosophy, which is in many respects identical with that of his pupil, Epictetus, is marked by its strong practical tendency.

[14] He does not reject logic: he regards it as a proof of a weak mind to decline to examine the fallacy which perplexes it;[15] yet at the same time he expresses his disgust at the multitude of dogmas which fed the vanity of the sophists.

[17] He agrees that it is easy to follow one's own nature, and the only great impediment which he can find to a truly moral life is the prejudices with which the mind is filled from childhood, and the evil habits confirmed by practices.

[18] He distinguishes two kinds of practice: the exercise of the mind in reflection and the adoption of good rules in life, and the endurance of bodily pains which affect both the soul and the body.

[19] He combats all selfishness, and regards marriage not merely as becoming and natural, but as the principle of the family and state, and the preservation of the whole human race.

Chapter 1, page 1, of the works of Gaius Musonius Rufus, in Greek, edited by Otto Hense in the Teubner series, 1905.
Papyrus fragment P.Harr. I 1, showing a section of Discourse 15 of Gaius Musonius Rufus. 3rd century.