The Mangrove gambusia (Gambusia rhizophorae) is a tropical poeciliid (live bearing) fish species with a restricted, disjunct range one in northwestern Cuba, the other in southeastern Florida.

[3] The Florida population has been recently listed as "biologically vulnerable" (vulnerable to extinction because of the taxon’s biology or other indicators) by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission.

Its distribution in Florida appears to be temperature limited (Getter, 1982).

The exact location of the Cuban population is being examined to allow a map of its distribution to be produced.

Ongoing research is underway by Dr. Charles Getter, who has studied the species since the 1970s.