Ganweriwal (Urdu: گنویريوالا Punjabi: گنیریوالا), more commonly known as Ganweriwala, is an archaeological site in the Cholistan Desert of southern Punjab, Pakistan.

[8] Ganweriwala is situated near the Indian Border on the dry riverbed of the Ghaggar-Hakra, now part of the vast Cholistan desert.

[7][9] Ganweriwala was the 5th largest city[9] within the Indus Valley Civilisation and is believed to have been a major centre from 2600 to 1900 BC.

[7][17] The script consists of different symbols, iconography and code words which were written on clay tables, seals and pots.

[17][11][9] The Early Harappan refers to the period between 3300 and 2600 BCE throughout which the area had a diverse range of regional cultures.

[9] The Harappan period was between 2600 and 1900 BCE and is characterised by an increase in the urban environment and major city centres.

[14] As these two rivers were the main source of water for the Indus Valley and supported their agricultural system, these changes may have led to its decline.

[14] Alternatively, some scholars have hypothesised that human interferences, perhaps an invasion or unsustainable population growth may have caused the collapse.

[8][15][21] Finally, Ganweriwala was discovered when Mohammad Rafique Mughal surveyed the area in the 1970s [8][11] and rediscovered 174 Mature Harrapan sites along the Hakra riverbed.

[8][9] A main street acted as the central passage for transportation and movement of goods for both parts of the town.

[9][8] It was hypothesised that the remaining 39 hectares that Mughal reported may have been covered by sand dunes, and that they could be uncovered with further excavation work.

[8] The area is also subjected to military operations, private hunting parties and treasure hunters, which may damage the site.

[15][8] The survey by Punjab University noted that a 4-metre-wide road had been constructed through the middle of the Ganweriwala site for hunting parties from the UAE.

[8] Despite these issues, it is believed that the majority of the Ganweriwala site may have been preserved by the sand dunes under which it now exists.

[9] No scientific excavations have been done on the site,[15][11][8] but through surveying, mapping and collecting surface artefacts, several important finds have been made at Ganweriwala.

[8] Carbon samples were able to date the upper levels of the site to around the Harappa Period 3C approximately 2300 to 1900 BC.

[9][8] The layout is similar to other Harappan settlements,[9][12] though proper scientific excavation methods are needed to confirm these hypotheses.

[8][9] It features a male deity, nude and seated in a yogi position with outstretched arms, on a throne with a disciple underneath him.

[8] No signs are recognisable due to the damage but an X-ray fluorescence analysis showed that the seal was composed of 99.89% pure copper.

[8][9][12] During the Harappan period of the Indus Valley, bricks that were used for constructing big cities were typically built in a ratio of 1:2:4.