(Tokhara Yabghus, Turk Shahis) The Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom (traditional Chinese: 甘州回鶻; simplified Chinese: 甘州回鹘; pinyin: Gānzhōu Huíhú), also referred to as the Hexi Uyghurs, was established in 894 around Ganzhou in modern Zhangye.

[3] The Hexi Corridor, located within modern Gansu, was traditionally a Chinese inroad into Central Asia.

By the early 11th century both the Uyghurs and Guiyi Circuit were conquered by the Tangut people of the Western Xia dynasty.

[9] Remnants from the disintegrated the Uyghur Khaganate settled in Qinzhou 秦州, Liangzhou, Ganzhou, Suzhou 肅州, Guazhou 瓜州 and Shazhou 沙州.

In 911 the Ganzhou Uyghurs attacked the Kingdom of Jinshan and forced them into an alliance as a lesser partner.

[7] In 916 a Ganzhou Uyghur princess was married to Cao Yijin, governor of the Guiyi Circuit.

The Guiyi Circuit regime of Dunhuang established marriage alliances, diplomatic, trade and cultural links with the Ganzhou Uyghurs.

After the destruction of their realm, the Ganzhou Uyghurs migrated and settled in Dunhuang (Shazhou) and Guazhou.

A record of a Huolasan Khan ruling in Shazhou in 1127 shows that the Uyghurs there retained some amount of autonomy in Western Xia.

[5] Even though they had been conquered by the Tanguts, the Ganzhou Uyghurs maintained the practice of sending trade missions to the Song court.

[14] The Uyghurs of Ganzhou originally practiced Manichaeanism as their state religion but abandoned it for Buddhism at the end of the 10th century due to pressure from the Tanguts.

Like the Tanguts, they sent Buddhist pilgrimages to Mount Wutai, but the real reason for the expeditions may have been to spy on the Liao dynasty.