Gaston Charlot (11 June 1904 – 17 April 1994) was a French chemist, founder of modern analytical chemistry in France.
In 1945, he became professor of analytical chemistry at the École supérieure, and also lectured at the Faculté des sciences de Paris and at the Institut national des sciences et techniques nucléaires.
In 1943, he published Théories et méthodes nouvelles d'analyse qualitative (New theories and methods of qualitative analysis), which eliminated traditional methods such as hydrogen sulfide tests by replacing them with electrochemical or colorimetric tests, complex chemistry, and non-aqueous chemical reactions.
Gaston Charlot was the author of many reference works in analytical chemistry, including his Cours de chimie analytique générale and Les réactions chimiques en solution aqueuse.
He was elected member of the French Academy of Science in 1970 and knight of the Légion d'honneur.