[3] Tetrasporangia formation is also known to be affected by temperature and other environmental factors including light, salinity and moisture,[4] although germination rates remain unaffected based on an earlier study.

[5] In 1993, Gelidium robustum in Santa Barbara, California was investigated for 16-months showing tetrasporangial abundance throughout the year, but may not have the ability to germinate despite maximum spore output.

[6] An important agarophyte, Gelidium has been cultured in Korea[11] and China[12] since the early 1990s, with some cultivation efforts noted in Europe, specifically in Spain[13] and Portugal.

[20] Agar is primarily extracted from Gelidium especially among North African Atlantic and South European species based on specific gel properties with water.

In Morocco, Gelidium sesquipidale is known to be harvested during summer time to extract agar used commercially, making the country among the top producers in the world.

[23] Sensitive measurement of stable nitrogen isotope ratios in Gelidium species collected in southern Monterey Bay between 1878 and 2018 showed a pattern of changes that matched with changes in the California current and provided support for a theory about the end of the local fishing industry.

The correlations with the Gelidium nitrogen ratios allowed the California current to be projected back into the nineteenth century and compared with historical records of fish catches.

The species used included specimens of G. coulteri, G. robustum, G. purpurascens, G. pusillum and G. arborescens collected over a 140-year timespan from the 6 km coastline between Point Pinos, Pacific Grove and Cannery Row, Monterey in California, US.

Species diversity has been established by previous studies, whereas, molecular analysis reveals biogeographic relations that concerns its current distribution pattern in oceans.