Gender parity
Gender parity is a statistical measure used to describe ratios between men and women, or boys and girls, in a given population.
Within the field of sociology, gender parity is generally understood to refer to a binary distinction between people based in identity and sex differences.
Irregularities in gender parity in health and survival over time and space make it difficult to draw statistically meaningful conclusions.
[5] On a global average, men die younger and experience greater rates of illness than women, but gender parity scores become irregular when calculated on the basis of a particular disease or cause of death.
[6] On average, gender parity scores for cardiovascular disease, suicide, certain cancers, and accidents fall below 1, meaning that these indicators are observed at greater rates among men.
Global scores for stroke, lower respiratory infections, and breast cancer fall above 1, indicating that these are more often observed in women.
[7] The lower life expectancy among men is largely due to disproportionate rates of male infant mortality versus female.
[11] The regions of the Middle East/North Africa, Eastern/Southern, and South Asia score lowest in this area, with far fewer girls enrolling in elementary and high school than boys.
[15] The importance of gender parity in developing countries with mixed economies is evident in the relationship between the female-to-male enrollment ratio at the tertiary level of education, national economic prosperity, and the frequency of micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in the Philippines.
In a 14-year study from 2008 to 2021, gender parity was found as a significant driver of social and governance factors, which positively affects the country's macroeconomic construct.
The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) does aggregate this data and across its 37 member countries more women hold tertiary degrees than do men.
For the OECD countries, across the 25-34 age group, 39% of men and 51% of women hold tertiary degrees for a gender parity score of 1.3.
Globally, women perform the vast majority of all unpaid labor such as care work, cooking, and cleaning.
Over the past twenty years, high-income have seen a steady progression towards gender parity and now match the average for lower-income countries.
[30] There are only 4 countries which have achieved 50 per cent gender parity in single or lower houses; Rwanda, Cuba, Bolivia and the United Arab Emirates.
Countries with the least gender parity in the world are Morocco, Algeria, Mauritania, Mali, Côte d'Ivoire, Chad, Turkey, Syria, Iran, Pakistan, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and Yemen.
