Geography of Kaziranga National Park

[2] A total addition of 429 km2 (166 sq mi) along the present boundary of the park has been made and notified with separate national park status to provide extended habitat for increasing population of wildlife or as a corridor for safe movement of animals to Karbi Anglong Hills.

[3] Kaziranga is mostly flat expanses of fertile alluvial silt (part of the highly fertile Middle Brahmaputra alluvial flood plains),[1] exposed sandbars, riverine flood-formed lakes called Beels (Beels make up as much as 5% of the surface area)[1] and elevated flats called chapories where animals shelter during floods.

It is believed that due to the force exerted by the north-eastwardly movement of the Indian Plate at the time of the Himalayan origin, a huge fault was created between the Rajmahal hills and the Karbi-Meghalaya plateau.

[7] Kaziranga National Park's landscape is the creation of natural forces of silt deposition and erosion that has been effected by the river Brahmaputra over hundreds of years.

This ongoing process of erosion and deposition becomes more severe during the floods which occur at regular intervals during the monsoon season.

Once the tributaries hit the river valley, they lose their momentum; deposit the silt they carry, form ox-bow lakes and alluvial fans and branch out before picking up their courses again to join the Brahmaputra.

[9] The park is located in the Indomalayan realm, and the region falls in two ecoregions, the Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests of the Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests biome, and a frequently flooded variant of the Terai-Duar savanna and grasslands of the Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.