Georg Karl Mayer (30 March 1811 – 22 July 1868) was a German Roman Catholic theologian born in Aschbach, Upper Franconia.
He studied philosophy and theology in Bamberg, then continued his education at the Universities of Munich and Vienna.
From 1842 he was a professor at the Lyceum in Bamberg, where he taught classes in canon law, church history, dogmatics, exegesis and Hebrew language.
Mayer specialized in dogmatic theology, and with church historian Johann Spörlein (1814–1873), was a principal representative of Güntherianism at Bamberg.
After the Church's condemnation of Anton Günther's writings in 1857, he fought for the recognition and continuation of Günther's teachings, including an appeal to the First Vatican Council.