[1] In 1898, Elmslie was one of the founders of the Victorian Labour Federation, which had as its object "the unification of the workers in one all-comprehensive and extensive union."

But in December 1913 the Liberal Premier, William Watt resigned after a dispute with the rural faction of his own party.

The acting Governor, Sir John Madden, surprised the Liberals by sending for Elmslie, who on 9 December formed Victoria's first Labor government.

Elmslie remained as Labor leader until shortly before his death in 1918, although his health had broken down in 1916, requiring a long break.

A new memorial headstone over his grave was unveiled by Steve Bracks, Labor Premier of Victoria, on 9 March 2001.