He was a Union Army veteran of the American Civil War, and served as Secretary of State of Vermont and acting president of Norwich University.
[1] He was educated in Northfield, attended Newbury Seminary, and taught school beginning at age 15.
[2] He then studied medicine in Northfield with Dr. Samuel W. Thayer Jr., after which he attended Vermont Medical College in Woodstock.
[1] As the regimental surgeon for the 13th Vermont Infantry, his service included participation in the Battle of Gettysburg, where he was in charge of a field hospital for the I Corps.
[1] Nichols was active in several other business ventures, including clerk and treasurer of the Vermont and Canada Railroad, and president of the Northfield National Bank.