From 1860 to 1864 he studied at the Polytechnic Institute in Hannover, then relocated to Vienna, where he worked as an assistant to architect Theophil Hansen.
In 1872 he was named professor of architectural theory of design and perspective at the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna.
In 1884/85 he participated in Karol Lanckoroński's archaeological expedition to Asia Minor, and from 1896 to 1902 he took part in the excavations at Ephesus.
[1][2] Renowned as an architectural artist, he was the creator of highly regarded reconstruction drawings of numerous archaeological structures, such as; the Parthenon and Erechtheion in Athens and the Heroon of Trysa.
He also produced a reconstructive drawing of the Temple of Apollo at Didyma for Theodor Wiegand and drew the Palace of Diocletian for Wilhelm von Hartel.