George Stuart Graham-Smith (25 September 1875 - 30 August 1950) was a British pathologist and zoologist particularly noted for his work on flies, both as disease vectors, and as organisms of interest in their own right.

In the spring of that year there was a local outbreak of diphtheria, and the class followed the progress of Cobbett's work on identifying organisms from swabs, inoculating animals, and dealing with patients, doctors and sanitary inspectors.

In 1903 and 1904 he published two papers presenting evidence, both from a review of the literature and his own and Cobbett's work, on the incidence of infection in patients, contacts without symptoms, and those with no exposure, and on the implications of these findings for disease control measures.

He emphasised the importance of testing the virulence of the bacilli found, as well as identification based on morphology and culture properties.

[5][6] During this period, Graham-Smith developed a close working relationship with George Nuttall, who had been appointed University Lecturer in Bacteriology and Preventive Medicine in 1900.

[11][12][13][7] Schetters (2019), reviewing the literature on this parasite in dogs, re-tabulated Graham-Smith's data on morbid anatomy, and confirmed his key finding of an accumulation of infected red blood cells in the capillaries.

[16] Graham-Smith's work in straightforward zoology (i.e. not involving pathology) began with a collaboration with Nuttall on a project to assess the degree of relatededness between animal groups (blood relationships) on the basis of immunological cross-reactions between serum proteins.

This work, published as Blood Immunity and Blood-Relationships in 1904[17] represents the beginning of the modern field of molecular systematics.

[18] Graham-Smith contributed section VIII: Blood-relationship among the lower vertebrata and arthropoda, etc., as indicated by 2500 tests with precipitating antisera.

Graham-Smith showed that these are common, adults of the parasitic species frequently emerging from fly pupae collected in the wild.

[20]: 149–172  He reviewed the epidemiogical and bacterological evidence, including results from his own studies on bacteria harboured by flies caught in the wild.

At the beginning of the period, the death rate for children under one year of age in England and Wales was 25.4 per thousand live births, at the end it was 5.3.