He studied medicine in Rouen and Paris, where he learned clinical education at several hospitals.
He developed an interest in neurology, and his first important scientific work involved lesions of the plexus brachialis.
After the end of World War I, he worked at Charité Hospital in Paris, followed by a professorship of neurology at the Salpêtrière (1923).
In 1920 with his friend Jean Barré (1880-1967), he published a major work titled Travaux neurologiques de guerre, a book that described the two doctors' clinical experiences during wartime.
He was a member of French, American and Japanese academies of science, and in 1949 was appointed commander of the Légion d'honneur.