The highway connects the Alabama state line west of Fort Gaines to the Homerville area, via Newton, Camilla, Moultrie, Adel, and Lakeland.

The highway actually serves as the eastern terminus of a long multi-state route that starts in Mississippi and goes through Alabama.

SR 37 begins at the Alabama state line on the western edge of Fort Gaines, in Clay County, where the roadway continues to the west as Alabama State Route 10 (SR 10; Hartford Road) over the Chattahoochee River on the Henry G McKemie Memorial Bridge.

Continuing to the southeast, it crosses over Ichawaynochaway Creek, then passes McClendon Lake and enters Leary.

The highway heads east-southeast, curves to the south-southeast, and travels in a nearly-due south direction, before entering Baker County.

On the southeastern edge of the city, it crosses over the Flint River and enters Mitchell County.

There, it begins to curve to the east and meets the western terminus of SR 37 Conn. (West Oakland Avenue).

A short distance later, also on the city line, is the end of the concurrency, with SR 111 departing on West Bypass NW.

SR 37 continues to travel along the city line until the intersection with 11th Street SW/Martin Luther King, Jr. Drive NW, where it re-enters Moultrie proper.

[1] Just south of Reed Bingham State Park, the highway crosses over the Little River into Cook County.

On the northwestern edge of Adel, it curves to the southeast and passes Cook County Airport.

Northeast of Cook High School, the two highways diverge, with SR 37 continuing to the east-southeast.

Later, it curves to the southeast and crosses over the Withlacoochee River on the Shellie W. Parrish Memorial Bridge into Berrien County.

After traveling through rural areas of the county, it curves to the east-northeast and enters Ray City.

After the county line, the concurrency begins to curve to a more easterly routing and travel north of Banks Lake.

It crosses over Suwannoochee Creek on the Roger E. James Bridge and meets the eastern terminus of SR 168 (Nashville Highway).

It heads northeast and curves to the east to meet its eastern terminus, an intersection with SR 112 (North Scott Street).