Ger toshav

[21] The theological basis for the seven commandments of the Noahic Covenant is said to be derived interpretatively from demands addressed to Adam[22] and to Noah,[23] who are believed to be the progenitors of humankind in Judaism, and therefore to be regarded as universal moral laws.

[16] In the informal sense, a ger toshav is a Gentile who agrees to follow the seven Noahide laws on his own,[12] or alternatively, simply rejects idolatry[5][16] (the latter issue is in particular brought up regarding Muslims).

[5][16] The procedure to officially recognize the legal status of ger toshav has been discontinued since the cessation of the year of Jubilee with the destruction of the Second Temple of Jerusalem;[3] hence, there are no formal gerim toshavim extant today.

[36] Since the 1990s, Orthodox Jewish rabbis from Israel, most notably those affiliated to Chabad-Lubavitch and religious Zionist organizations,[37][38] including The Temple Institute,[37][38] have set up a modern Noahide movement.

Under the tutelage of Orthodox Jewish rabbis, Filipino "Noahides", as they call themselves, study Torah, observe the Sabbath, and passionately support a form of messianic Zionism.

Filipino Noahides are practicing a new faith that also affirms the superiority of Judaism and Jewish biblical right to the Land of Israel, in line with the aims of the growing messianic Third Temple Movement in Jerusalem.

[37] David Novak, professor of Jewish theology and ethics at the University of Toronto, has denounced the modern Noahide movement by stating that "If Jews are telling Gentiles what to do, it’s a form of imperialism".

[45] There were ten initial members who flew to Israel and pledged to uphold the Seven Laws of Noah and to conduct themselves under the authority of the Noahide beth din (religious court) of the nascent Sanhedrin.

[45] According to Christine Hayes, an American scholar of ancient Judaism and early Christianity serving as the Sterling Professor of Religious Studies in Classical Judaica at Yale University, the gerim were not necessarily Gentile converts in the Hebrew Bible, whether in the modern or rabbinic sense.