Germani (Oretania)

Roman authors believed that a people of mixed Belgic and Germanic descent had somehow migrated to the Iberian Peninsula around the fourth Century BC.

Archaeological evidence retrieved from local Iron Age hillforts such as Alarcos (Ciudad Real) and Cerro de las Cabezas confirm that the material culture of the Germani did not differ from their southeastern Iberian neighbours or from the Celtiberians.

[3] Whether the Germani were clients or allies of the wealthy Iberian Oretani people during the 3rd century BC remains unclear, but they certainly supported the powerful Oretanian king Orison at the Battle of Helicen in 228 BC (Helike in the Greek sources, perhaps Elche de la Sierra, Elche or another Oretanian city) against the Carthaginians under Hamilcar Barca.

[4] Orison’s defeat in 227 BC[5] and his signing of an alliance treaty with Carthage, however, caused a major friction between the Oretani and their Germani allies who promptly repudiated its terms, and continued to resist Punic expansion until they were subdued by Hannibal in 221 BC.

The Germani appear to have adopted a less hostile stance towards Rome, in 156 BC were included into Hispania Citerior Province and were gradually assimilated by the Oretani.