The species is endemic to the central region of the American state of Texas, and south into adjacent northern Mexico.

It has short limbs, and a tail that can fall off to distract a potential predator, but will regrow in time.

Though uncommonly seen in its most suitable habitats, Gerrhonotus liocephalus has a range from the Edwards Plateau of Central Texas, south throughout low-mid elevations in eastern Mexico.

The primary diet of G. infernalis is insects and other invertebrates, but it may sometimes prey on nestling birds or rodents.

Females will often stay near the nesting site to protect it, but no parental care occurs once the young alligator lizards hatch.