Its primary objectives were set out by the parliament act 588, which involve investigating the use of nuclear energy for Ghana and supporting research and development both in Ghana and abroad.

In the year 1958, the Department of physics of the University College of the Gold Coast, which is now (University of Ghana, Legon) started a radioactive fallout monitoring service on behalf of the Defence Ministry.

[2] Responsible for preservation, maintenance and enhancement of nuclear knowledge in Ghana and Africa through the provision of high-quality teaching, research, entrepreneurship training, service and development of postgraduate programmes in the nuclear sciences and technology.

Authorize, inspect and control all activities and practices involving sealed radiation sources, ionizing radiation and other sources, radioactive materials and x-rays used in hospitals in Ghana.

Conduct research and technical services in radiation and waste safety.