Gibson v. Florida Legislative Investigation Committee, 372 U.S. 539 (1963), was a United States Supreme Court case based on the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

It held that a legislative committee cannot compel a subpoenaed witness to give up the membership lists of his organization.

[1][2] In 1956, a committee of the Florida Legislature initiated an investigation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)'s Miami branch.

[2] Due to this refusal, the president of NAACP's Miami branch was convicted of contempt, sentenced, and fined.

[3][4] The Supreme Court held that the conviction violated rights of association under the First and Fourteenth Amendments.