The Gidhaur Chieftaincy was a principality which controlled parts of South Bihar for much of the medieval period in India.

Another prominent ruined fort that probably belonged to the Gidhaur dynasty is Naulakhagarh, a bit southwest of Khaira at the foot of the hills.

[5]: 466–8, 483–4, 507–8 Ibrahim khan lodi(sultan of Delhi) and his brother jalal khan lodi(sultan of Jaunpur) in the conquest of Bihar attacked the GIDHAUR CHIEFTAINCY with an army of 60,000 soldiers in the year 1524, at that time the Raja of Gidhaur was Raghunath Singh, he resisted the attack firstly but signed the piece treaty for the safety of his people.

The 16th-century historian, Abbas Sarwani noted that Raghunath Singh accepted the rule of Sher Shah Suri and assisted him in his war against Humayun.

Puran Mal also engaged in multiple clashes with the neighbouring chief of Kharagpur Raj, Sangram Singh and defeated him, both the Raja’s were known to have a deep enmity.

In the war of succession between Dara Shikoh and Shah Shuja in 1658, both princes appealed for the assistance of Raja Dal Singh of Gidhaur who ended up supporting the former.

The rulers of Gidhaur were granted the title of raja in 1651, via a firman (which still exists) issued under Shah Jahan and dated to 21 Rajab, 1068 AH.

By the time when Raja Shyam Singh's elder son Raja Amar Singh sat on the throne, the British rule had started spreading in the country.The Raja supported the Bengal Nawab in the battle of Buxar, as a result his kingdom was seized and a large part of it was settled with the Ghatwals in the form of Ghatwali tenure.According to Bangal District Gazeteer and two reported cases i.e Gopi Ram Bhotica Vs. Thakur Jagarnath Singh reported in Indian Law Reports 1929(Pat) page 4 and Sukhdeo Singh Vs. Maharaja Bahadur of Gidhaur reported in 1951 AIR 288(SC) it is clear that after seizure of considerable part of estate of Gidhaur, Jagir of Katauna was settled with the family of Gidhaur Raj and two ghatwali taluk i.e Maheshwari and Dumri were also settled directly to the Chandel Raja of Khaira and Gidhaur due to irresponsible behaviour of their ghatwal.