Gilboa Township is one of eleven townships in Benton County, Indiana.

[3] As of the 2020 census, its population was 282 and it contained 100 housing units.

[4] It is named for Mount Gilboa, a prominence in the southern part of the township.

[5] It was created in 1866 out of the northern part of Pine Township, after the petition of 21 residents there.

[6] According to the 2020 census, the township has a total area of 35.94 square miles (93.1 km2), all land.