The Alfonso XIII's, monarchy and Primo de Rivera's dictatorship –before- were both a failure.

On 14 April the Second Spanish Republic was announced; most Spaniards thought that their life would improve.

The historians have always said that the change was required in the cities; the rural areas did not have freedom to choose their representatives because the “caciques” (or local political bosses) controlled the whole system.

On 9 October a committee, composed by public authorities, went to Seville to ask the civil governor for help.

The civil guard corporal, who did not know Gilena, led the prisoners' row to the town centre, which was a mistake.

When the prisoners' chains passed in front of the socialist headquarters, the shouts grew.

Many people hid away in the union headquarters; inside, some of them climbed up the courtyards wall to the next houses.

The corporal Pablo Garcia Albano and five workers died, one of them in the hospital in Seville.

The politics and military authorities visited the village; the journalists wrote about the events in their newspapers.