Goddard studied theology at Clare College, Cambridge, and graduated from the University of Cambridge with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1984; as per tradition, this was later promoted to a Master of Arts (MA (Cantab)) degree.

In 1998 he became Rector of St Peter's Church, Walworth, where in 2003 he set up InSpire, a centre for learning, arts and community.

In 2014, he presented a motion to the General Synod, calling for leadership on the issue of climate change.

His first book, Space for Grace - Creating Inclusive Churches, was published by Canterbury Press in 2008.

His second book, Generous Faith - Creating Vibrant Christian Communities was published by Canterbury Press in 2024.