From January to October 2001, Arveladze worked as the Director of Penitentiary reforms under Minister of Justice, Mikheil Saakashvili.

In October 2001, he was appointed the first secretary general for Saakashvili's new party, United National Movement (UNM).

[3] He would serve as secretary general for UNM, until stepping down on December 29, 2006 to focus on his new role of Minister of Economic Development.

Two years later he emerged as a member of former Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Timoshenko's party Batkivschina after her release from prison.

Timoshenko introduced her party members on the TV program Shuster LIVE on October 24, 2014, and named Arveladze as a representative of Georgia's reformist government.