After participating in World War II as a member of the Italian resistance movement, he spent many years as an elementary school teacher.
His book Il passaggio di Enea collected all of his poems written to 1956 and reflected his experiences in combat during World War II and serving with the Resistance.
He also oversaw a series of translations of foreign works, chief among which was Death on Credit by Louis-Ferdinand Céline.
[3] In 1959, Caproni and fellow poets Antonio Seccareccia, Elio Filippo Accrocca, and Ugo Royal began the Frascati National Poetry Prize, an annual poetry competition for previously unpublished works.
[6] Caproni's poetry touches on a number of recurring themes, most notably Genoa, his mother and birthplace, and travel,[7] and combines a sense of refinement in both meter and style to immediacy and clarity of feeling.