He was the second son born to Antonio Palizzi, a lawyer, and his wife Doralice née Del Greco, an amateur musician.
In 1835, he moved to Naples, to enroll at the Royal Institute of Fine Arts, where he initially studied with the Dutch-born landscape painter, Anton Sminck Pitloo, then with Gabriele Smargiassi.
He presented historical landscapes at the yearly shows, but strained relations with the academic world led him to leave Italy.
[3] With the approval of the forestry administration, he built another workshop in the forest, near the Gorge aux Loups, which was often shared, not only by him and Filippo, but Nicola as well; sometimes all together.
During the following years, possibly in response, he gave up his Romantic painting style; depicting realistic scenes of villagers and animals.