The GR is expressed in almost every cell in the body and regulates genes controlling the development, metabolism, and immune response.

[citation needed] In the absence of activated GR, other transcription factors such as NF-κB or AP-1 themselves are able to transactivate target genes.

[citation needed] GR transrepression via NF-κB and AP-1 is restricted only to certain cell types, and is not considered the universal mechanism for IκBα repression.

[17] In central nervous system structures, the glucocorticoid receptor is gaining interest as a novel representative of neuroendocrine integration, functioning as a major component of endocrine influence — specifically the stress response — upon the brain.

[19][20] In preeclampsia (a hypertensive disorder commonly occurring in pregnant women), the level of a miRNA sequence possibly targeting this protein is elevated in the blood of the mother.