Gorky Colony

In the period after World War II, teachers in Eastern Europe followed Soviet pedagogical theory, primarily that of Makarenko.

His methods emphasized principles of peer pressure, indoctrination, and communalism, and his book about the Gorky colony highlighted the joys of collective labor.

Makarenko, who was Joseph Stalin's favorite pedagogue, believed that all children could be made into model Soviet citizens through teamwork and focus on working for the group's welfare.

Historian Anne Applebaum likened the rough adaptation of Makarenko's ideas to a straightforward ideological indoctrination.

Beyond Eastern Europe, teachers in the Western progressive education tradition, with principles of creativity, spontaneity, and child-centeredness, also adopted Makarenko's techniques.