The town is bordered on the north by Deilingen, on the east by Wehingen, on the southeast by Bubsheim and Böttingen, on the south by Denkingen, and on the west by Frittlingen and Wellendingen in the Rottweil district.

During the Second World War British aircraft dropped heavy bombs within Gosheim's borders on 22 February 1945 at 1400 hours.

After the Second World War numerous ethnic German refugees from Yugoslavia settled to the benefit of what was then small industry, which soon expanded rapidly.

From around 1970, the increasing demand for labor was met by newly arrived foreign residents, in the beginning mainly from Italy.

Towards the end of the twentieth century most industrial enterprises moved from the center to the outskirts of Gosheim.

The radar data are automatically transferred to the air traffic controllers in Stuttgart, Karlsruhe, Zurich, Frankfurt, Munich, and Friedrichshafen.

The largest recreational facility is the Jurabad, an indoor swimming pool with adjoining sauna and gym.

The 2 km (1.2 mi) biathlon track circles the radar tower at an average altitude of about 1,000 metres (3,300 ft).