Gotthard Deutsch (Hebrew: אליעזר דויטש; 31 January 1859 – 14 October 1921) was a scholar of Jewish history.

During his studies in Vienna, Deutsch drew inspiration and guidance from both Weiss and Adolf Jellinek, an authority in Midrashic research.

In 1891, at the invitation of Isaac Mayer Wise, Deutsch moved to the United States to accept the chair of Jewish history and philosophy at Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati.

In February 1903, after the death of Moses Mielziner, he was designated acting president of the college, a position he held until October of the same year.

His lifelong love for Germany had led Deutsch to support Woodrow Wilson's neutrality while aligning himself with the People's Council of America for Democracy and Peace.

Those activities and subsequent newspaper headlines led many colleagues and the public to demand his immediate removal from the college's faculty.

Only the staunch support of his students, friends, and leading Reform rabbis enabled Deutsch to continue teaching.

He was mourned by Jew and non-Jew, progressive and conservative; thousands filled the Cincinnati Crematory to pay their last respects.